次級文化影響因素與兒童教養態度之關係

The Relationships Between Determinants of Sub Culture and Child Rearing Attitudes

一九二0年代以後,由於行為科學的勃興,人類行為中人際關係的各個層面,都有各種專門的學科從事研究,親子關係的研究,乃普遍受到社會學者、心理學者、人類學者、教育學者、社會工作者與兒童發展學者的重視(註一)。特別是父母對兒童的教育態度與養育方式之探討,更為人所注意。社會學者從社會學的觀點,剖析兒童社會化的經驗,以探究兒童教養的有關問題,心理學者從人格或智力發展的歷程,肯定兒童早期生活環境的重要性,導致人們對兒童教養問題的重視。人類學者從泛文化比較的立場,證實不同種族社會的兒童教養方式對社會性格具有決定性的影響。隨後更採取同樣方法,以分析不同社會文化階層的兒童教養態度。教育學者也重視教育機會均等問題,提出補償教育方案,確認兒童早期的教養情形深深影響日後學校教育的成效。由此可見,兒童教養問題,不論在社會學、心理學、人類學或教育學等領域中,均有其不容忽視的地位。本研究之具體目的有三:一、探討與教養態度有關之次級文化影響因素。二、瞭解各種次級文化影響因素與教養態度的關係。三、歸納研究結果,提供父母、教師和教育行政當局之參考。

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between some determinants of sub culture and child rearing attitudes. The subjects are 571 adults sampled from urban and suburban population in Taipei.
The procedures of t his study include the review of relevant literatures and a questionnaire survey. This questionnaire includes four types of childrearing attitudes:protection, discipline, rejection, and indulgence. The major findings are as follows:
1. There are significant difference in childrearing attitudes according to adults' sex, age, marital status, level of profession.
2. The different relationship between determinants of subculture and the childrearing attitudes of adult depends on types of childrearing attitudes.
3. The samples' mean scores of four types of childrearing attitudes indicate that scores of protection and discipline are higher than rejection and indulgence.
Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusions are made:
1. The responsibility of both male and female adults on childrearing are equal important.
2. The selection of childrearing personnel is a matter of importance.
3. Socioeconomic status is an exact indicator of the assessment of childrearing attitudes.
4. Adults in the Republic of China are apt to authoritarian childrearing attitude.