蒙特梭利教學法對原住民幼兒語文能力表現之影響

Effects of the Montessori Method on the Language Abilities of Aboriginal Children

對學齡前的幼兒來說，學習閱讀不是一件容易的事情，原住民幼兒在閱讀成就上明顯低於一般幼兒，因此本研究欲探究身處蒙特梭利教育環境的原住民幼兒，其閱讀能力的表現情形。研究目的為（一）了解原住民幼兒在蒙特梭利教學中其聽覺詞彙能力的表現（二）認識蒙特梭利教學對原住民幼兒閱讀理解能力之表現（三）了解原住民幼兒在蒙特梭利教學中口語表達能力之成效。本研究採用個案研究法，以質性與量化的方式同時進行研究，使用閱讀理解測驗、畢保德圖畫詞彙測驗兩種量化工具，並使用自製十八樣蒙特梭利語文教具放置在教室的學習區中，透過概念討論與說故事討論資料的分析等質性的方式，探討幼兒語文能力之表現。本研究對象為四到六歲三十六位原住民部落的幼兒。研究結果顯示幼兒在聽覺詞彙能力有明顯的進步，四到六歲的幼兒在名詞有較好的表現：在閱讀理解方面，測驗成績顯示大多數的幼兒有明顯的進步，另外在字義理解方面，幼兒能理解相似、相反、相異、｝ii頁序、對稱、全體與部分的概念，推論理解方面能合理的推理故事中的情節：透過教學的實施在口語表達方面發現四項結果，如幼兒能進行故事的回憶、能合理的推理故事中的情節、根據故事的內容能產生自我的觀點及能知道字的理解等，所以實施蒙特梭利教學的確提升幼兒的語文能力。本研究因時間限制，建議未來可進行觀察一年的時間，更清楚了解幼兒各方面語文能力的情形。

For preschool and young children， particularly aboriginal children whose reading levels achievement are significantly lower than other children's， learning to read is not an easy thing. This study purpose was to explore their language abilities of aboriginal children in the Montessori preschool. This study purpose was to explore their language abilities of aboriginal children in the Montessori preschool. This research aims: (1) to detem1ine the outcomes of listening vocabulary on aboriginal preschool children when using the Montessori Method; (2) to analyze aboriginal children's reading comprehension under the preschool Montessori Method; (3) and determine outcomes on the speaking effectiveness of aboriginal children under the preschool Montessori Method. The total sample of 36 aboriginal children in Hualien County ranged in age from 4 to 6 years old. This study used case studies employing both qualitative and quantitative research methods simultaneously. It was found that Montessori language education resulted in definite improvement in listening vocabulary， reading comprehension and the vocabulary abilities of all participants. The children had better performance with nouns. Moreover， in discussions and story-telling sessions， it was found that the children had the speaking ability to recall stories， infer the story plot， see the relation between the story and their own lives， and understand vocabulary used in the story. Implementation of the Montessori teaching method truly enhanced the aboriginal children's language abilities. In this study， due to time constraints， the proposal can be observed next year， when a better understanding of all aspects of the case of young children's language proficiency can be achieved.