與腦相容的教學原則與策略初探

A Study of Brain-Compatible Learning and Teaching – Principles and Strategies

本文的目的在探討與腦相容的教學原則，與探究與腦相容的教學策略。採文獻內容分析法，蒐集學者對於與腦相容教學原則的論述，歸納相關概念得到「十二個與腦相容的教學原則」。接著，再蒐集學者專家對教師如何將與腦相容的教學方法應用在教學實務的各種文字描述，進一步以上述十二個原則為概念架構，歸納出「四十個與腦相容的教學策略」。本文所歸納的與腦相容教學原則有:(1)學習是生理/物理的;(2)覺知能力與經驗間是相互影響的;(3)大腦天生會藉由組型尋求意義;(4)情緒是學習成功的關鍵;(5)大腦是同時處理部份和整體的（概念）;(6)注意力是波動的;(7)學習伴隨著認知和非認知的歷程;(8)至少有兩種不同取徑的記憶形式，可透過不同的技巧來增進記憶;(9)低壓力高挑戰可促進學習;(10)每一個人的大腦都具有其獨特性;(11)正向的感覺有助於學習;(12)大腦期待多元的輸入，學習整合了全身的感官覺知。這十二個原則及相對應的教學策略應可幫助教師對與腦相容教學的了解，並更易應用於教學實務提升教學效能。

This article aims to explore brain-compatible teaching principles and strategies. Based on literature content analysis， this work extracts twelve ＂brain-compatible learning principles＂ from various studies of different scholars about brain-compatible teaching. Based on these principles and the relevant instructional practices described by those scholars， forty ＂brain-compatible teaching strategies＂ are summarized. The brain-compatible teaching principles summarized in this article include: (1) learning is physiological/physical; (2) experience makes impact on awareness; (3) the brain is born to seek the meaning through patterns; (4 ) emotion is the key to successful learning; (5) the brain deals with partial and whole concepts at the same time; (6) attention is fluctuating， being both explicit and implicit; (7) learning is coupled with cognitive and non-cognitive processes; (8) there are at least two different approaches of memory form which strengthens me- mory through different techniques; (9) low pressure and high challenge enhance learning; (10) every one's brain has its own uniqueness; (11) positive feeling helps learning; (12) The brain expects multiple im- portations. Learning is integrated with sensations of the whole body. The twelve principles and corresponding teaching strategies should help teachers to understand brain-compatible teaching and in- structional practices， and more likely to apply them to enhance teaching effectiveness.