“富百姓、穷政府和弱学校冶现象及教育治理

The Phenomenon of %22 Rich People%2C Poor Government%2C Weak Schools%22 and the Governance of Rural Education

城镇化的发展带来的社会变革正在从经济层面延伸至教育层面，农村劳动力的转移引发出题中所说的“富百姓、穷政府、弱学校冶现象。这是一组新的概念。“富百姓冶指在广大农村地区由于劳动力的迁移而带来老百姓相对比较富裕的现象;而这一现象又衍生出了劳动力大量外流导致的劳动力流出地损失大量财富和税收从而沦为“穷政府冶的问题。由于我国教育体制的限制，“穷政府冶支持下的“弱学校冶自然不能满足当地“富百姓冶的教育需求。这是在中国中西部广大农村地区普遍存在，且可能引发严重后果的一种潜在的未被人们察觉的隐形关系，本文详细论述了这一内在关系。文章最后从教育生态学角度提出了创新型的教育治理之策，即在借鉴西方和总结我国实际的背景下，通过第三方组织的力量设计了一套针对农村留守儿童问题的“农村留守儿童基金会学校冶模式，促进中西部地区农村留守儿童受教育问题的解决。该模式在调研中受到利益相关者的广泛好评和认可。

Urbanization has led to profound social changes from the line of economic to education. The transfer of rural labor leads to the phenomenon of ＂ rich people， poor government， and weak school＂ which represents a new group of concepts. ＂ Rich people＂ refers to the relatively migrant workers and their family members who can make more money and enjoy a richer life through going out for work than the peasant who is always farming at home in the vast rural areas in china. At the same time，the large number of labor outflow causes the social problems of ＂ poor government＂ . The reason is while the government’s output of native labor has also lead to the lost of the wealth and tax created by the output people. In this situation，because of Chinese education system， the local schools supported by the “poor government＂become the supposed “weak schools “natually which can not supply education resource which is satisfied enough by the the local ＂ rich people＂ . It is an invisible potential relationship which people do not perceive，but commonly exists in the vast majority of rural areas in Central and Western of China， and may cause serious consequences. In which the rural left behind children education problem is particularly worthy our high attention. With the frequent exposure of some negative news events of the left behind children in central and western regions in recent years， the social problem which has always existence existed while has been neglected by us gradually exposing to the public's view. Not only causing the concern of the related fields of experts， but also arousing the social people concern. From the perspective of ecology， this article describes the changes of rural education ecology from the macro and micro social aspects，it makes us have a chance to recognize the inappropriate role of rural schools， families and governments in the rural education. In order to make the education service system in rural areas to adapt to the current ecological education in rural areas，this paper puts forward the idea of the governance of rural left behind children's school education. In the background of promoting regional education governance，it tries to solve the social and educational problem through the innovation of the system. In the last，based on the actual situation of our country and through learning from the experiences of western countries， using the power of third-party organizations，the author designs a new set of school model， which is aimed at the education of rural left behind children. From the results of the survey， the model received praise and recognition from the stakeholders in this research.