學校本位之代間師徒制方案模式與挑戰

School-based Intergenerational Mentoring Program Model and Challenges

台灣將面臨「高齡、少子、總人口數減少、 及高撫養負擔」的壓力和衝擊。解決此問題的方法 之ㄧ，即是利用「代間師徒制」(intergenerational mentoring) 來提升老年的人力資源與素質，鼓勵老 人再次反饋社會，協助改善年輕世代的素質，提升 整體經濟的質與量。「代間師徒制」是由老年人擔 任師傅(mentor)，傳承智慧、經驗與技能給年輕世 代，使年輕世代成為高素質的經濟開發者；而老年 人在過程中也因終生學習，得到活力老化的生活品 質，間接也減少年輕世代的負擔。目前，台灣正試 圖開創高齡者活力老化的代間師徒制方案模式，建 立多元化的高齡學習管道。 活力老化的代間師徒制方案對象以55 歲以上 退休人士擔任師傅，徒弟為8-18 歲的在學學生， 實施場域以學校為基地最為適宜。由於，台灣過去 並未重視高齡人力再運用的價值及有效的高齡學習 策略，也沒有實施代間師徒制的經驗或研究成果， 因此，本文參考其他國家的文獻及實施經驗，設計 出基本模式：「徵招－培訓－配對－進場－評估」 等階段，實施期間訂為1 年半(18 months)，以建 立台灣推動「代間師徒制」的初步基礎。此外，作 者也根據過去的研究及實務經驗，提出台灣如實施 代間師徒制時可能面臨的問題與挑戰，並試圖從中 找到創意的解決方法。

Taiwan's demographics is transforming with increasing pressures from aging， low birth rate， decline in total population， and high dependency rate. One approach to address these challenges is through intergenerational mentoring， which provides an opportunity for older adults to give back to the community and help younger generation mature. In intergenerational mentoring， an older adult (mentor) transfers experience， knowledge， and skills in a systematic approach to a younger person (mentee). This mentoring relationship helps the mentee become a powerful workforce in the economy， while providing the mentor an avenue for active aging， selffulfilling， and lifelong learning. Taiwan is in the process of developing intergenerational mentoring models and multi-channels of lifelong learning. The intergenerational mentoring-active aging program is designed for retirees aged 55 years and older (as mentors) and students aged between 8 and 18 years (as mentees). It takes place in a community center. This study utilizes literature and experience from other countries due to a lack of past emphasis on human capital or lifelong learning of older adults as well as research in intergenerational mentoring in Taiwan. The program follows an 18-month cycle of Recruit – Training – Match – Implement – Assessment， to establish Taiwan’s foundation in intergenerational mentoring. In addition， given the principal investigator’s prior research and experience in mentoring， the author will bring forward possible issues and challenges in implementing intergenerational mentoring in Taiwan， and will attempt to provide creative solutions.