效率优先，兼顾公平？———美国大学先修课的目标与实现

Efficiency First，Equity Second? The Goals and Achievement of AP in the United States

美国大学委员会的大学先修课项目被很多人视作美国一流高中教育的“黄金准则”，以及促进教育公平的有力工具。本文通过梳理相关实证研究发现：在丰富高中学习经历、增加大学入学机会和提高大学完成率等效率性指标上，大学先修课的目标得到了一定程度的实现；而在减轻弱势群体就读大学的经济负担、缩小学生成绩差距，以及项目对非项目学生的辐射作用等公平性指标方面，尽管项目目标明确，但实现程度仍有待进一步加强。

The College Board’s Advanced Placement（AP）is considered by many to be the gold standard for a top notch high school education，and it is often heralded as a powerful tool for achieving educational equity. This paper reviews extensive empirical literature and draw the following conclusions: to some extent，AP program enriches students’high school experiences，boosts a student’s chances of college admission，and makes students more likely to succeed in college. However，there is still a long way to go for AP program to make college more affordable for the disadvantaged students，to narrow achievement gaps and to influence non-AP students in a positive way.