美国创业型大学组织变革路径研究

The Path to the Organizational Reform of American Entrepreneurial University

美国创业型大学呈现出8 个方面的组织形态特征：（1） 推动和引领区域经济社会发展的创业战 略；（2）实行战略性管理；（3）建立创业组织；（4）拓展行政职能；（5）积累社会资本；（6）实行愿景式分权管理； （7）为创业行为提供制度化的支持与服务；（8）激励和引导院系与教师参与创业。这8 方面的特征可以归结 为使命与战略、开放性与适应性、学习与参与性以及学术性四大类。这四大类正是创业组织、市场导向组织、 创新组织和学术组织的核心特征。美国创业型大学的组织变革路径由传统大学的科层组织向创业组织、市 场组织、新型组织和学术性组织的混合组织发展。外部资源来源的竞争性、创业技术的复杂性以及创业活动 和学术发展路径的倒序性，是美国创业型大学组织变革的主要原因。

American entrepreneurial universities are characterized by the following organizational features: (1) adopting an entrepreneurial strategy that promotes and leads regional economic and social development; (2) implementing strategic management; (3)establishing entrepreneurial organizations; (4)expanding administrative functions; (5)accumulating social capital; (6)implementing vision-oriented decentralized management; (7)providing institutional support and service for entrepreneurial behavior; (8)encouraging and guiding departments and teachers to participate in entrepreneurial activities. These eight features can be classified into four categories， i.e. mission and strategy， openness and adaptability， learning and participation， and academic research. These four categories are the core features of entrepreneurial organization， market -oriented organization， innovative organization and academic organization. The path to the organizational reform of American entrepreneurial university lies in a transition form the traditional bureaucratic organization to a hybrid organization of entrepreneurial organization， market-oriented organization， innovative organization and academic organization. The diversity and competition for external resources， the complexity of entrepreneurial technology， and the reverse of entrepreneurial activities and academic development path are the main reasons for the organizational reform of American entrepreneurial university.