世界一流大学博士教育和创新人才战略比较研究

A Comparative Study of Doctoral Education and Innovative Talent Development Strategies in World-class Universities

当今世界，随着全球化背景下经济社会结构的迅速变化，博士教育面临重塑标准、重构培养过程的机遇和挑战。本研究对世界排名前20位的一流大学最新博士教育发展战略进行了比较研究，探索全球顶尖大学如何响应社会变革创新博士教育。研究发现，这些大学均提出了博士的“双肩挑”标准，既强调博士的学术能力特别是创造力、专精知识与独立研究，也强调博士的可转移性职业能力，如独立思维、主动学习、自我规划及有效沟通与合作。同时，这些大学也持续强调优化导学关系、形成密切双向互动。导师既是学生的学术指导者，也是其职业发展的引路人。博士教育既需要导师提供高度结构化和高支持力度的指导，同时也需要导师充分激发学生获得独立、自主的持续发展。

Entering the 21st century， in the context of opportunities and challenges brought by fast-changing economic and social structure under globalization， it is imperative to reconceptualize and restructure doctoral education in order to meet new and changing demands. This study compares strategies in doctoral education and innovative talent development in top 20 world-class universities to explore how world-leading universities respond to complex social changes. It is found that these universities have all strengthened professional development alongside with academic development in doctoral education. While the former emphasizes transferrable skill development in independent thinking， proactive learning， self -planning and effective communication and collaboration， the latter continues to focus on conventional goal of creativity， specialized knowledge and independent research. Meanwhile， there has been a persistent theme to optimize the supervisor -student relationship， aimed at developing a highly interactive partnership of high-level structuring and support on the part of the supervisor to provide academic and professional guidance and individual autonomy and proactivity on the part the student.