美国高等教育绩效拨款政策研究———以佛罗里达州为例

Research on the Performance Funding of Higher Education in the USA: The Case of Florida

绩效拨款政策在美国已有30 余年历史。佛罗里达州早在1994 年就实施了绩效拨款政策，但当时 仅限于社区学院。2013 年卓越州立研究型大学项目和2014 年绩效拨款政策则真实地发生在州立大学身 上。本文详细阐述了上述政策的实施背景、主要内容以及院校行动等，并得出如下结论：一是采用不同的绩 效指标体系实现卓越与效益目标；二是合理运用激励与惩罚机制；三是州绩效拨款模型结合了绩效拨款1.0 与2.0 的特征。

Performance funding policy has been adopted for more than 30 years in the United States. In Florida， this policy was implemented only in Community College System in 1994. The 2013 Preeminent State Research University Program and the 2014 Performance Funding Model in State University System revitalized performance-funding policy in Florida’s higher education. This article introduces the contexts and configurations of the new policy and discusses its implications. The article is concluded with three observations. Firstly， the goals of preeminence and efficiency of universities are realized by using different performance indicator systems. Secondly， both incentive and punishment mechanisms need to be appropriately used. Thirdly， the Performance Funding Model in the State of Florida integrates the features of PF 1.0 and PF 2.0.