中德两国小学数学教材难度比较研究——以德国Das Zahlenbuch 教材和我国人教版数学教材为例

Comparative Study on China Elementary Mathematics Textbooks ’ Diffi culty with Germany Taking China PEP Mathematics textbooks and Germany Das Zahlenbuch textbook as examples

本文对德国Das Zahlenbuch 小学数学4 年级教材和我国人教版小学数学4 年级 教材进行了比较分析。研究发现，两国教材总体难度相差不大。两国教材在内容广度方面 差异较大，只有24 个共同的知识点；内容深度方面，德国教材高层次呈现方式及高水平认 知要求明显高于我国；习题难度方面，我国教材习题在认知要求和背景上均难于德国。两 国教材“三大内容领域”的难度存在差异：德国教材不同内容领域的难度比较均衡，我国教 材则差异较大；“统计与概率”领域的难度差异较大（我国教材的难度大于德国），其他领域 难度差异较小。

This article has constructed a model of comparison of difficulty and compared the China PEP textbooks’ diffi culty of grade 4 with the Germany Das Zahlenbuch textbook. It is found that the overall difference of diffi culty of the two countries’ textbooks is little. Difference between the textbooks are as follows: the content’s degree of breadth is different which has only 24 common knowledge points; the content’s degree of depth is different which the level of presentation and cognitive demands in Germany textbook is higher than China textbooks; the exercises diffi culty is different which the level of cognitive demands and background of exercises in Germany textbook are both higher than China textbooks. There are some differences in the “three content areas”: the diffi culty of different content areas is balanced in Germany textbook， but it is signifi cant differences in China textbooks; differences of difficulty is significant in the“Statistics and Probability” area(China textbooks is diffi cult than that of Germany) .We should coordinate the diffi culty in different content areas and reduce the diffi culty of“Statistics and Probability”area appropriately.