PISA 之后再谈教育改革 ——香港大学教育学院程介明教授专访

Further Discussion on the Education Reform After the PISA ——A Special Visit to CHENG Kai-ming%2C the Chair Professor of Education and Pro-Vice-Chancellor at the University of Hong Kong

编者按： 2009、2012 两届由经济合作与发展组织（OECD）举行的PISA 测评，自公布成 绩以来，就引发了对教育尤其是教育改革的持续的探讨。对本国PISA 成绩不太满意的国家 如美国、英国等国家已经酝酿或启动了一系列改革行动。以英国为例，2014年8 月开始，英 国教育部正式启动“中英数学教师交流项目”，由中方派出一批数学教师到英国去指导和示 范如何提升数学课堂教学质量，同时英国也挑选一批数学老师到中国上海来学习进修。上 海师范大学承担了此次中英交流项目。而取得好成绩的如中国上海、中国香港、新加坡、韩 国等国家(地区)在更加自信的同时，也在自觉、自省，在审视、思考教育改革。在这样一种教育改革 的大氛围下，香港大学的程介明教授发文称，“世界上几乎每个国家都想改革教育，但是为什 么改革，却并不一定是非常清晰的”，程教授认为，学校管理者、教师、家长甚至教育决策者， 对于教育改革之前和改革过程中必须要考虑到的很多问题，依然还需要时间去寻找答案。 2014 年7 月，程教授应邀来到上海，为上海的中小学校长及幼儿园园长做了一场主题为“今 天的教育，孩子的明天”的讲座，讲座间隙，本刊记者就教育中的价值导向问题、教育与社会 文化的关系、教育与经济发展的关系等一系列问题，对程教授进行了访谈。 作者简介：程介明，香港大学教育学院讲座教授，教育政策研究中心主任，教育学院院 长、副校长、校长资深顾问。1996至2006年哈佛大学教育研究院任访问教授。曾任中学教师、 校长；1987年获伦敦大学教育研究院哲学博士。历任世界银行、联合国教科文组织、联合国 儿童基金会、联合国开发署等国际组织的研究顾问。近年着重研究后工业社会对教育的挑 战，关注学习科学与教育政策的结合。曾参与十多个国家的教育决策讨论及咨询。现任中 国国家基础教育课程与教材专家咨询委员会委员；上海市教育决策咨询委员会委员；广东 省教育政策咨询委员会委员；香港教育统筹委员会成员。曾任香港师资及师训咨询委员会 主席，现任香港语文教育及研究常设委员会主席。曾参与设计1999年启动之全面教育改革。 记者简介： 闫温乐/ 上海师范大学国际比较教育研究院研究人员，博士（上海200234）

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) conducts an international comparison of educational performance every three years named the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). PISA 2009 and 2012 results triggered a continuing discussion of education， especially of educational reform. Countries that are not satisfied with their performance， such as the Unites States and the United Kingdom， have planned or adopted a series of reforms in education. In August 2014， the department of education in UK launched ＂England-Shanghai Mathematic Teacher Exchange Project＂. A group of Chinese mathematic teachers are selected to be embedded in England mathematics hubs to teach pupils， run master classes for other teachers， and demonstrate how to improve the quality of mathematics teaching， correspondingly， a team of England teachers will come to Shanghai to observe and learn from Asian-style mastery approach to maths. Maths hubs develop this programme with academics from Shanghai Normal University. When top-performing East Asian jurisdictions - including Shanghai， Hong Kong， Singapore and South Korea - become more confi dent， they also increase their awareness and refl ection on their education and educational reforms. In a world-wide context of educational reform， Professor CHENG Kai-ming from Hong Kong University remarked in his article that almost every country in the world plans to reform the education system， but why reform it， it is not necessarily very clear to the policy-makers. He believes that principals， teachers， students and policy-makers still need time to fi gure out several key points in educational reforms. In July， 2014， Prof. Cheng came to Shanghai and gave an impressive speech titled ＂Today's education， Children's Future＂ to principals of kindergartens and primary and secondary schools. During his visit in Shanghai， special correspondent from our journal interviewed Prof. Cheng about the value-oriented education issues and the relationship between education and social culture and between educational and economic development.