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“供给激励”还是“需求干预”?——美国联邦学前教育政策的制度意义
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並列篇名 | Supply-side Incentives or Demand-side Incentives: the Institutional Enlightens from Early Childhood Education Policy Applied by Federal Government of United States |
作者 | 曾晓东、高扬、刘莉 |
中文摘要 | 供给激励”和“需求干预”是公共政策的两种基本途径。前者通过激励机构提供服务,后者则 通过影响个人的选择行为而提高服务效率。美国联邦政府在上世纪50 年代面对公众不断上涨的学前教育需 求,在供给激励屡次失败后,采取政策妥协态度,以干预家庭需求的方式,进行了多种政策工具的创新。本 文综述了这段历史,并对其中的政策工具进行了解释,得出两个主要的结论:(1)善良的愿望并不能自动 达到高效地满足公众对学前教育的需求,过于简单的实施战略,会带来低效率的弊病,并产生意想不到的负 面效果;(2)尊重实施过程中的问题,努力进行政策工具的创新和开放,学会妥协以实现多种政策目标。 |
英文摘要 | Supply-side incentives and demand-side incentives are basic approaches in public policy. The former aims to motivate institutions to provide services for individuals, while the later targets at improving efficiency of public services by behaviour intervention of individuals. In the case of Federal Government of United States in last 50s,in order to meet Early Childhood Education needs of whole society, the Federal Government attempted to take supply-side policies at first. However, it failed in cradle. So the Federal Government had to make a compromise to implement demand-side policy by developing various policy instruments. By reviewing this case and explaining the effectiveness of these policy instruments, this article got two important conclusions: Firstly, complicated problems have no simple answers. The multiple social needs of Early Childhood Education services cannot be satisfied by a single strategy. Secondly, making a compromise and innovating effective policy instruments during the policy process might be the right way to develop Early Childhood Education in China. |
起訖頁 | 091-097 |
關鍵詞 | 美国联邦政府、政策工具、学前教育、供给激励、需求干预、federal government of United States、public policy instrument、early childhood education、supply-side incentives、demandside incentives |
刊名 | 基礎教育 |
期數 | 201510 (12:5期) |
出版單位 | 華東師範大學 |
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