机遇与挑战：从开放教育资源到开放教学过程 ——从远程教育视野出发对开放在线课程的思考

Chance and Challenge: From Open Education Resource to Open Teaching and Learning Process —Thinking of Open Online Course from Aspect of Distance Education

开放教育资源运动开展十余年，在教育界产生了较大影响。开放在线课程的开展也近十年，当前始于北美的大规模开放在线课程正给常规教育带来巨大冲击。为正确认识和理解开放在线课程给教育机构和教学发展带来的机会和挑战，推进开放在线课程的有效建设和合理开设，该文从远程教育的角度出发，利用远程教育的理论和方法来分析开放在线课程的特点是一种可行的途径。基于这一思路，综合利用机构、技术和教学的三维分析体系，阐明了对开放在线课程的四点思考：(1)开放在线课程本质上是一种远程教育课程；(2)从教育机构、学习者、教学中的三个维度看，开放在线课程给中国教育界带来的触动主要在管理和课程上；(3)开放在线课程仅是从开放“资源”走向开放的“课程”和“教学过程”；(4)在线开放课程给远程教育的发展带来了新的理念和思路。

Open Education Resource has been ongoing for more than ten years and has had important influence to education in many approaches until now. Open online course also has been offered to all for almost ten years and those which had been called as MOOC coming from North American are bringing tremendous impact to school education now. In order to have a critical understanding and awareness on how open online course challenges education institution and instruction while it brings chance also and how open online course can be offered and developed reasonably， this research uses foundational theory and practical methodology of distance education to do analysis of open online course. According to analytical framework on institution， technology and teaching & learning based on view of distance education， four issues have been stated and discussed here: (1) open online course is a kind of distance education course essentially; (2) in the view of education institution， learner and teaching & learning， open online course brings more influence to Chinese education on management of curriculum， credit and pedagogy of online teaching; (3) open online course push ＂open＂ from only resource to whole instructional process; (4) open online course also initiates innovative idea， application and practice to distance education.