独立后非洲教育“职业化”运动 失败的原因及影响＂

Study on the Causes and the Reflections of the failure of Vocationalization in African Education after Independence

20世纪六七十年代，联合国教科文组织、世界银行等在非洲大陆主导了一场教育 的“职业化”运动，但却以失败告终。与此同时，以福斯特为代表的反主流学派与以巴洛夫为首 的主流学派展开了激烈的思想论争，并最终影响世界银行对非洲教育投资政策的转向。分析“职 业化”运动失败的原因，不得不考虑其特殊的社会背景因素，如新生国家的盲动热情、治国经验 缺失、依附思想严重、教育发展缺少支点等。时至今日，“职北化”对非洲教育发展的影响依然存 在，无论是在体系建设、规模发展，还是地位提升方面，非洲职业教育都尚未发生显著变化。

During the 1960s and 70s， UNESCO & WBG led a movement of ''vocationalization'' in the field of education in Africa， but ended up in failure. Meanwhile， the anti-mainstream school represented by Philip J. Foster and the mainstream school represented by Thomas Balogh held a fierce debate， which ultimately affected the steering of the World Bank's investment in African education. If analyzing the factors of failure， we must consider the special context， such as blind enthusiasm of new-emerging countries， a lack of experience in running countries， serious dependency thought， lack of backing in developing education and so on. Till today， there has not been significant change in African vocational education in the aspects such as system construction， scale expansion and status improvement under the influence of the movement.