美国高校交叉学科发展模式及其启示

The Development Models of the Cross-disciplines of American Higher Education Institutions and Its Implication to China

美国高校交叉学科的发展模式主要有两种。一种是自主模式，追求独立学科的地 位，在组织形式、人事与课程上享有自主权。另一种是依赖模式，保持多学科研究领域的特征， 在组织形式、人事与课程上没有自主权，依赖多个学系教师的合作。从美国研究可以看出，美国 高校交叉学科发展经历了从依赖模式到自主模式的渐进变革，其发展趋势是两种模式的融合。 这一变迁过程说明，交叉学科不同发展模式各有所长，可以并存发展，但最佳的发展模式是融 合两者的优势。我国交叉学科在追求独立自主的发展时要保持开放性；交叉学科的发展需要依 据大学的不同条件采取不同的组织形式，同时需要在课程计划、教师的聘任与评价制度上有所 创新。

There are two different development models of the cross-disciplines of American universities and colleges. One is autonomous model which has autonomy of organization， personnel and curriculum plan， seeking the status of independent discipline. The other is dependent model which does not have the autonomy of organization ，personnel and curriculum plan and depends on the cooperation of teachers from different department. From the development of American Studies，we can see that the cross-disciplines in America has experienced a process from dependent model to autonomous model and the development trend is a m e lange of two models. The process shows that both models have advantages and disadvantages and can develop together. But the best model is to combine the advantages of the two models. The cross-disciplines in our country should be open in the process of seeking autonomy. The development of cross-disciplines should take different forms of organization according to the different conditions; that also needs to innovate the programs and the systems of appointment and evaluation of teachers.