多元文化主义视阈下的美国教育史研究

A Multiculturalism Perspective of American Educational History Study

多元文化主义是２０世纪９０年代西方学术界较有影响力的政治思潮，作为西方现代政治思想的一个组成部分，旨在清除近代以来民族主义所产生的一些伤害，其面临的主要政治挑战是能否取代近代以来一直作为社会共同纽带的民族主义。到２１世纪初，多元文化主义在自由主义国家回退了，其试图通过文化承认来整合少数群体的主张被认为存在一些不足，在实践层面也没能得到公众的支持。美国多元文化冲突的本质是为了取得支配权而斗争。多元文化主义并没有成为使美国政治社会统为一体的连接纽带。对多元文化主义思潮引发的诸多问题的思考有助于我们深入剖析美国教育史学史上的名著，进而关注和探讨当代美国教育史研究所面临的挑战与发展趋势。美国教育史家是带着自己的价值判断来书写历史的，中国学者在将其作品作为史料时应当注意其社会政治立场或价值取向。

Multiculturalism is an influential political thought in Western academics in 1990s. As an integral part of modern Western political thought ， it aimed at removing some of the damage caused by modern nationalism. The main political challenges they face were whether they could replace the common social bond of nationalism. By the early 2000s， multiculturalism in the liberal state declined and its at tempts to integrate the ideas of cultural recognition of minorities were considered failed; also it lacked public support in the practical level . The nature of the American multicultural conflict was to fight for dominance. Multiculturalism did not become connecting tie that united American political society. Reflections on the problems caused by multiculturalism can help us to analyze the classics in the field of educational history in the US in depth， and then focus on and explore the development trend and challenges faced by the research in contemporary history of American education. American education historians wrote history with their own value judgments. When referring to their works， Chinese scholars should pay attention to their social political standpoints or value judgments.