政治模型下的美国大学校长遴选：以佛罗里达大学为案例

University Presidential Search in the Political Model: A Case Study of the University of Florida

高等教育管理领域有三个经典的组织模型，分别是科层模型、学院模型和政治模型。学院模型在 共同治理理念下分析校内共同参与遴选过程具有解释力；科层模型则可用于分析威权治理模式中董事会把 遴选作为自身决策事务的遴选特征；而政治模型在解释当前美国公立大学校长遴选工作上具有更大的解释 效力。本文以佛罗里达大学2003 年校长遴选为案例，分析州治理制度变化、州政治气候以及校内群体博弈 对当时校长遴选过程和结构的影响。鉴于大量遴选失败案例，有必要对共同治理传统、公立大学董事会制度 和《阳光法案》的影响等进行重新审视并采取果断行动，让州立大学重回为公共利益服务的轨道，走出政治 化泥沼。

There are three classical organizational models in the filed of higher education administration， including bureaucratic model， collegial model and political model. The collegial model has explanatory power in exploring the participation in presidential search based on the notion of shared governance. The bureaucratic model is often used to analyze presidential search based on the authoritarian model in which board of regents takes it as an internal affair. The political model has more explanatory power in explaining university presidential search in modern public universities. This article conducts a case study of the University of Florida to explore the key factors influencing presidential search， including the change of political climate， the institution of governance， and the game between interest groups. Due to so many failed cases， it is necessary to reflect on shared governance， the system of board of regents and the Sunshine Act， and to take steps to make public universities away from politics and contribute to the public interest.