学术职业资历惩罚理论的中国解释———教师流动对于NRS模型的贡献分析

The Chinese Explanation for Negative Returns to Seniority in Academic Profession: Analysis of the Contribution of Faculty Mobility to NRS Model

通过系统梳理文献构建中国学术职业资历惩罚（NRS）的基础假设，采用针对中国11 所研究型 大学的学术职业调查数据库，以教师流动特征作为NRS 解释的关键变量，对流动次数、流动类型两类流动 特征变量与NRS 的关系进行了实证检验。实证研究发现，中国客观存在NRS 现象，中国大学教师资历与 流动的关系、资历与收入的关系也与西方假设相一致。随着高等教育的进一步发展，中国学术职业中NRS 现象会继续加大，大学应科学分析NRS 现象利弊，通过促进和规范教师流动有效引导学术职业健康发展。

Based on a systematic review of the previous research findings， the author puts forward basic hypotheses for Chinese NRS study. He then conducts an empirical study on the relationship between the frequency and type of faculty mobility and NRS based on a database of eleven research universities in China. The study reveals that the phenomenon of NRS exists in China and that the relationship between faculty's seniority and mobility and the relationship between faculty's seniority and income coincide with the mainstream Western theoretical explanations. With the further development of higher education， the NRS phenomenon of academic profession in China will continue to increase. Therefore， the pros and cons of NRS should be analyzed scientifically， and faculty mobility should be promoted and regulated to guide the sound development of academic profession.