以學生為學習主體的國小高年級土石流防災課程教學研究

A Study on a Learner-centered Teaching Program of Debris Flow Disaster Prevention for High Graders in a Primary School

防災教育最重要的是確保個人生命財產的安全，因此正確的防災教育即應以學生為學習主體來進行，本研究以土石流防災為主題，由學生關心的土石流防災、減災主題為出發點，編製以學生為學習主體的土石流防災課程、教學及評量工具。研究對象為臺北市某國小高年級之118名學童，並於教學前後以「土石流防災成就測驗」進行問卷調查，以獲知學童的學習成效。結果顯示：高年級學童對於土石流概念多表示聽過但不甚瞭解的狀況；經由自編教材教學後，學童在「土石流概念」、「土石流防災概念」、「土石流防災態度」後測得分皆高於前測，並達到顯著差異(p<.001)，此等皆顯示以學生為學習主體的土石流防災課程編製良好，且有顯著的教學成效。學生對於以學生為學習主體的土石流學習活動認同度頗高，經由土石流防災課程教學後，學會的知識和技能能夠應用到土石流防災，維護自己安全。

Under the current educational system in Taiwan, no formal curriculum has been devoted specifically to "disaster mitigation"or "disaster prevention."The purpose of this study was to develop a teaching program of debris flow disaster prevention for 5th-6th graders in primary schools. Using the teaching strategy of viewing the students as the master of learning, the study adopted the pre- and post-test design to assess the effectiveness of the teaching program. Results indicated that student subjects performed significantly better after the implementation of the teaching program. In addition, student subjects had positive reaction toward the self-compiled teaching program of debris flow disaster prevention that views students as the center of the learning. They felt that the knowledge and skills they acquired from the teaching program could be applied to debris flow disaster prevention to protect their lives in disaster.