面向在线学习的知识导图学习模式

Online Learning Models Based on Knowledge Map

要使学习者在网络上有效学习，必须使用在线设计的思维方式解构知识内容。本研究分析了知识的结构，论述了作为知识的学习素材可以被解构成知识点、微知识和知识树，提出了知识导图的概念，阐述了适合初级学习者和高级学习者的知识导图学习模式。学习者通过解构学习素材提炼知识点、分解微知识和构建知识树，在制作知识导图的过程中实现知识学习。初级学习者是在选择知识点和构建知识树的过程中学习，而高级学习者则是在解构知识素材和构建知识导图的过程中学习。本文的结论是:基于知识导图的学习模式可以帮助学习者从初级学习者提升为高级学习者，训练学习者学会自主学习是适合现代教育和终身教育的一种学习方式。另外，本文论述了基于知识导图的在线学习平台的设计、在线学习模式的设计和在线学习过程的评价。

Online learning has become one of the common ways of gaining knowledge in the Internet age when the learning-oriented society creates new educational ideologies and modes of education. To take advantage of online learning， we cannot simply transplant classroom teaching methods to online learning such as using text books， demonstration lessons， public courses and class tests， but rather need to improve traditional teaching and classroom learning in online settings. According to the structuralism， learning process is a construction of knowledge by learners under the guidance of teachers. We argue that the thinking model in online design can help learners to study efficiently with computer software. We therefore conclude that efficient online learning should make learners to study in a process of construction of knowledge using the same thinking method as that used in online design.