中国大学学术生态的历史反思与现代重建

Historic Reflection and Modern Reconstruction of Chinese Collegiate Academic Ecology

中国现代大学学术体制的演变，可分为1949 年以前的民国时期和新中国成立以后的时期。前一 时期的大学体制以学术独立、政学分离为基本诉求，而后一时期的大学体制以计划学术、政学统一为基本特 点。从组织形态上讲，当今中国大学以“政学统一”的学术建制和“官本位”的管理体制为其核心特质。促进高 校学术创新和学术发展，最关键的是要建设一种良好的学术生态环境。为此，必须跳出计划体制管理模式， 按照大学的逻辑办大学，加强学术同行评议，建立现代大学制度，进一步完善学术生态系统。

The evolution of collegiate academic system in modern China can be divided into two periods: the Period of Republic of China before 1949 and the Period of People's Republic of China. The basic demands of collegiate system in the first period were academic independence and separation of politics and academia， while the second period is characterized by planned academics and politics-academia unity. In terms of organizational form， the core features of modern Chinese college lie in politics-academia unity as academic form and official standard as management system. The key to promoting college academic innovation and development is to establish a sound academic environment. To this end， we need to transcend the traditional management mode of planning system， run colleges according to the logic of college itself， strengthen academic peer review， and establish modern college system.