不确定性对城乡家庭教育支出倾向的影响研究

Influences of Uncertainty on Urban and Rural Household Propensity for Education Expenditure

教育支出具有消费属性和投资属性。本文建立了一个基于家庭效用最大化的教育支出微观选择模型，采用类似于消费倾向的教育支出倾向来度量教育支出意愿。研究发现：居民家庭收入的不确定性与投资教育收益的不确定性会对教育支出倾向产生重要的负向调节作用，较贫困的农村居民及西部地区居民的教育支出意愿更容易受教育收益和收入不确定性的影响。因此，国家应当采取更积极的措施，提高居民教育收益和收入的稳定性，对弱势地区和群体进行教育补偿，以提高其家庭教育支出的意愿。

Education expenditure possesses qualities of both consumption and investment. Based on household's utility maximizing behavior， this paper establishes a micro-choice model of education spending， and applies propensity for education spending， similar to propensity for consumption， to measure educational spending willingness. The findings show that: (1)the uncertainty of household income and the uncertainty of return to education both have a negative impact on propensity for education spending; (2)the educational spending willingness of the poorer rural and western residents is more vulnerable to the negative impact of the uncertainty of educational return and household income. Therefore， our government should take more positive measures to improve the stability of household income and educational return， and provide the disadvantaged groups and areas with educational compensation， in order to enhance residents' willingness for education expenditure.