大都市郊区化进程中的人口变迁与义务教育均衡政策探析———以纽约市为例

Characteristics of Floating Population in Suburbanization and Compulsory Education Equalization Policy ———The Case of New York

纽约市作为国际典型的移民大都市，在城市发展与改造、流动人口管理以及相应的 教育政策制定等方面已具备相对成熟的经验。20 世纪70 年代以来，纽约市进入城市发展的郊 区化阶段，城市人口规模与结构发生变化，主要表现为人口由中心城区曼哈顿向边缘扩散、白 人飞走、内城移民聚集等。针对人口变迁特点与随之而来的教育问题，纽约市的实践探索与政 策举措如下：第一，立法保障基本权利；第二，重组学区，并鼓励择校；第三，兴办特许学校与移 民学校；第四，出台补偿政策。以上经验可为我国大都市义务教育均衡政策的制定提供有益的 参考。

Since the 1970s，New York city has been into the developmental stage of suburbanization. New York's suburbanization manifested as that urban population scattered away from the city center to the brink，white people flewaway，inner city became the cluster of the poor and the immigration crowd. Facing the floating population and education problems in the process of suburbanization，New York city adopts the following practice and policy measures：First，the legislation safeguarding basic education rights; Second， the reorganization of the school district and encouragement of school choice; Third，building charter schools and immigration school. Fourth，Compensatory Policy. The above practices can provide us beneficial reference and inspiration in formulating educational policies for the floating population during the process of suburbanization.