开源硬件：撬动创客教育实践的杠杆

Open Source Hardware: A Leverage of Maker Education Practice

创客教育(Maker Education)是信息技术使能的创新教育实践场，开源硬件(Open Source Hardware)则是 实践者手中最重要的工具。该研究分析、梳理了开源硬件的概念、历史与发展；阐述了开源硬件的优势及其对创 客教育的三方面影响，即开源硬件的成本优势可以加快创客教育的普及，完整的产业链生态圈能够提升创客教育 的实施效率，协作迭代的产品更新理念最终会促进学习者成长；提出了可用于创客教育的开源硬件包含“开源硬 件开发平台”和“积木式开源硬件”两种类型的观点，梳理了两类可用于创客教育的具体工具，并详细分析了每 种工具的特点与适用范围；最后，研究提供了三个国内外基于开源硬件的创客教育实践典型案例，案例从学习 者、教师、活动、课程、项目等几个方面展示了基于开源硬件开展创客教育对学习者创新能力培养的作用与对实 践的启示。研究能够为具体的创客教育实践提供参照，实践者可针对自身的需求与环境特征，选择恰当的开源硬 件工具与实践策略开展基于开源硬件的创客教育实践。

ME (Maker Education) is a Practical Field of ICT-Enabling Innovation Education， OSW (Open Source Hardware) are most important tools in hands of practitioner. The research， at first， provides an analysis on definition， history and development of OSW. Next， the advantages of OSW and its three kind of impact on ME been crisply described. These impact include cost advantages can speed up the popularization of ME; complete industrial chain ecosystem can improve the efficiency of the implementation of ME; collaborative and iterative concept of product updating will eventually facilitate the growth of learner. Then the research propose that the OSW which could be deployed in ME can be classified into two types in terms of their features， OSW Development Platform and Blocked OSW. After that， the characteristics and available ranges of these two kinds of OSW Tools have been detailed analyzed. Finally， three examples from home and abroad include learner， teacher， activity， course and project on OSW based ME have been showed for purposes of revealing the effect of OSW for the creativity cultivation of learners in ME and the enlightenment for practices. Research provide reference for practitioner， that they can choose the appropriate OSW tools and practical strategies to carry out the ME practices on their own needs and environmental characteristics.