考后双向自主选择的招生体系成本研究：以美国大学为参照

Cost Study of Admissions System Based on the Right to Autonomous Enrollment and University Choice ： With American Universities a a Reference

新一轮考试招生制度改革将从高考的“独木桥”逐步改建成分类考试、综合评价、多元录取的“立交桥”。在公平选材的前提下，大学自主招生权与学生自主择校权扩大的趋势将使大学和学生都能得到更理想的匹配结果，本文依据美国大学公布的招生录取数据，从大学配备的招生人员结构与能力素质、大学招生遴选的高昂花费、学生申请多所大学的低廉费用，以及高中为指导学生升学的必要投入等方面测算双向自主选择体系的运行成本。结果显示，美国的招生体制泡沫与繁荣相依相伴，对选材更讲究的一流大学主动为这种基于自由选择的繁荣承担了主要的成本。

A new round of reformation has gradually changed the college entrance examination and enrollment system from a “singleplank bridge” to an＂ overpass' consisting of the classification test， comprehensive evaluation，and multiple admissions. Foreseeing that the expansion of the right to au- tonomous enrollment and school choice will resutt in better matching between students and colleges， this paper estimates the expenses of the mutual-choice system based on the organization structure and qualifications of admissions officers，the high cost to colleges in recruiting，the low cost to students applying to multiple colleges，and the cost of hiring high school counselors. The results show that world-class universities that value the quality of students bear the majority of the cost for the prosperity of the American higher education admissions system.