新思维，新课程———斯坦福大学通识教育改革

New Vision，New Program: Ｒeform of General Education at Stanford University

坦福大学分别在2012 年和2013 对通识教育进行改革，并于2013 年秋季学期实行新的通识教育 方案，包括思维与行为方法、有效思考、写作与语言等四类必修课。本研究对2011 － 2013 年通识教育方案进行 了分析和比较。研究发现，在改革的过程中，斯坦福大学始终秉持通识教育理念，不断深化对通识教育内涵的 认识，基于不同的通识教育哲学观建构了个性化的课程体系。新的通识教育方案实现了从学科到能力的转变， 注重培养学生的思维能力与有效表达能力。

Stanford University reformed General Education ( GE) in 2012 and 2013，and implemented a new program in the fall semester of 2013，with Ways of Thinking /Ways of Doing Ｒequirement， Thinking Matters Ｒequirement，Writing and Ｒhetoric Ｒequirement，and Language Ｒequirement． This study analysed and compared the General Education Programs from 2011 to 2013 and found that，upholding the philosophy of GE in the process of reform，Stanford gradually deepened understandings about the meaning of GE and constructed an individualized curriculum system based on the philosophy of GE． The new program in 2013 implemented a shift from discipline to ability，and paid more attention to the development of thinking and communication skills．