东亚的新知识帝国

New Empires of Knowledge in East Asia

高等教育的社会作用已经发生了变化。尽管存在精英和大众高等教育的差异，但全球高等教育入学 率在16 年中翻了一番，其动力主要是社会需求，而不是劳动力市场需求。非英语和西欧之外的国家研究能力和 世界一流大学显著成长和扩张。其中最引人注目的是东亚，包括中国大陆、香港、台湾、韩国和新加坡。包括日本 在内的东亚已成为仅次于北美和欧洲的世界第三大研究和创新之地。东亚高等教育的加速发展是由经济增长、 中产阶级的需求、本土儒家教育根基所推动的，并在国家赶超西方的积极助力下。虽然东西方在研究能力和资源 上的差距仍然存在，但东亚世界一流大学的数量正在迅速增加，而使东亚高等教育与众不同的文化因素将在未来 发挥更加重要的作用。东西方大学模式、大学/国家/社会关系的协同将全面影响高等教育的发展。

The social role of higher education has changed． The global participation rate has doubled in 16 years，driven primarily by social rather than labour market demand，though with a bifurcation between elite and mass provision，and there has been a notable growth and spread of research capacity and World-Class universities beyond the English － speaking world and Western Europe． The most striking changes have been in East Asia，including China，Hong Kong SAＲ，Taiwan，Korea and Singapore． East Asia，including Japan，has become the third great zone of research and innovation，after North America and Europe． The accelerated development of higher education has been sustained by economic growth，middle class demand and Confucian educational cultivation in the home，and fostered by active states determined to catch-up to the West． An East-West gap in capacity and resources remains，but the number of World-Class universities in East Asia is growing rapidly． Cultural elements that distinguish East Asian higher education will be more important in future． Developments in higher education will be closely affected by synergies between Eastern and Western models of the university and of university / state / society relations．