论我国公立大学章程的法律效力及其实现路径

On the Legal Effect of Public University Constitution and its Realization

目前我国大学章程的制定正在紧锣密鼓的推进之中，但大学章程的法律效力问题一直没有得到解决，制约了大学章程的良性发展。大学章程要获取法律效力可采取公法手段和私法手段。公法手段是各大学章程经过立法程序，提交给有立法权的机关审议、通过和公布，转化成地方性法规或行政规章；或赋予部分重点大学行政规章制定权，使其制定的大学章程取得行政规章地位。私法手段要求各高校把大学章程中涉及到相关人员权利和义务的内容写进合同之中，并与不同主体签订以形成具有法律约束力的合同关系。只有实现法律效力，才能使大学章程真正成为解决法律纠纷和保障高校独立办学自主权的依据，并促进大学章程的良性发展。

Universities in China are redoubling their efforts to develop university constitutions，but the constitutions have not been endowed with legal effect，which restricts their healthy development. There are two ways to endow university constitutions with legal effect： public law means and private law means. With public law means，a university constitution is turned into a local statute or an administrative regulation through legislative deliberation，voting，and publishing，or some key universities are provided with the administrative rulemaking power and gain the university constitution the position of administrative regulations. With private law means，relevant rights and obligations from the university constitution are written into contracts and the university signs contracts with different bodies to form legally binding relationships. Thus endowed with legal effect， a university constitution will develop healthily and truly become the legal basis for resolving disputes and protecting university autonomy.