中国残疾人教育收益率研究

Study of Rate of Return to Education of People with Disabilities in China

国内外对非残疾人的教育收益率研究已经全面而深人，但对残疾人教育收益率的研究还非常缺乏。以世界卫生组织的ICF模型为基础，从身体机能与结构损伤、活动受限和社会经济生活参与限制三个方面对残疾进行了新的定义和测量，并利用1989—2011年的中国营养与健康调査（CHNS)数据，使用明瑟工资方程和Heckman两阶段法对残疾人教育收益率进行研究，结果表明：随着时间的推移残疾人教育收益率呈现明显的上升趋势且高于非残疾人;用Heckman两阶段法纠正了样本选择偏差后，残疾人教育收益率有所降低；残疾人的教育收益率并未像非残疾人那样呈现出显著的性别差异。建议政府从扩大人力资本投资和消除劳动力市场进人障碍两方面来促进残疾人就业及其融人社会经济生活。

:The rate of return to education (RRE) for non-disabled people has been well studied in China and abroad. However， few study about RRE for the disabled has been reported in the literature. Disability is defined and measured from body function and structure impairment， activities limitation and social economic participation restriction on the basis of ICF (International Clarification of Functioning ， Disability and Health) model developed by the World Health Organization. By using data from China Health and Nutrition Survey in 1989-2011， this study applies Mincer Wage Equation and Heckman two-step correction to estimate the RRE of the disabled people. The results show that there was a rising trend for the RRE of the disabled people as time elapsed and the RRE was higher than those of the non-disabled. The RRE reduced after Heckman two-step correction of the sample selection bias. In addition， unlike the non-disabled， there was no significant gender difference in the RRE of the disabled. The government should in- crease the investment in human capital and eliminate barriers for the disabled people to enter labor market in order to promote the disabled people' employment and inclusion into society.