特殊教育医教结合的反思：政策分析的视角

Reflection of Combination of Medicine and Education in Special Education ： From the Perspective of Policy Analysis

特殊教育中，医教结合是否应该以一项政策来予以制定和推行，取决于多方面的因素。其一，在政策 学的基础上，医教结合是否符合特殊教育的发展规律，是否已经形成独立的学科体系，以及“以医为主”还是“以教 为主”等问题需要进一步厘清。其二，政府在医教结合是否应成为政策需要探讨其角色定位及责任问题，应以中立 的价值观来对待医教结合是否应成为政府决策的内容；在特殊教育政策制定过程中，应该遵循自下而上的民主化 的政策制定模式。其三，医教结合成为政策是否已经具备了文化生存的土壤，在观念文化、制度文化和权利文化的 生成和构建中，它还需要进行不断地自我生成。对于医教结合的政策制定问题，应该审慎地予以对待。

Whether the combination of medicine and education should be implemented and promoted as a policy depends on many factors. Firstly， on the basis of policy science， we should clarify some issues in- cluding whether the combination conforms to the developmental law of special education， whether it forms an independent discipline system， and which is the dominant part， medicine or education? Secondly， government should define its role and responsibility when considering whether the combination should be a policy， and should be neutral when considering whether the combination should be on the agenda of government? s decision making. Moreover， we must follow the democratic “top-down” model in the process of policy making. Thirdly， it is not clear whether there has been the soll of “culture” for the combination to be set as a policy. It should constantly sefgenerate in the generation and construction of conception culture， institutional culture and right culture. Therefore， we should be cautious in dealing with the policy making regarding the combination of medicine and education.