身世之謎：《苦兒流浪記》翻譯始末

Mystery of a Birth: The Translation History of The Story of a Poor Vagrant Boy

晚清文人包天笑翻譯的《馨兒就學記》、《埋石棄石記》、《苦兒流浪記》，為中國帶入了「現代」、「兒童」、「教育」等新概念，對於晚清的中國具有重要意義。然而，對於這三部教育小說的譯介過程，後人其實不太清楚，就連包天笑本人也早已忘記譯本所源何來。本研究希望藉由文獻探討與文本分析的方式，釐清《苦兒流浪記》的翻譯始末，為教育三記的第三記寫一小段譯史，也為包天笑的教育小說翻譯史再添一頁新章。經過追本溯源，可以確定包天笑的《苦兒流浪記》是從日譯本《家兒》所重譯，日譯者為菊池幽芳，而此日譯本則是直接譯自馬洛（Hector Malot）的法文原著Sans Famille。解開身世之謎以後，透過比對原文與不同的譯文版本，我對包天笑的譯者角色與翻譯策略有了更細緻的發現，進而修正了過去翻譯史對包天笑既定的印象。此研究成果為重譯史的研究帶來新的啟發，證明了回歸文本閱讀的重要性。從文本當中發現新的證據，結合文本本身與文本以外的資料，然後加以比對、分析、查證，我們便比較可能釐清重譯過程，而重譯史的研究也會有更豐碩的成果。

Bao Tianxiao, one of the most important translators in the late Qing Dynasty,translated Xin's Journal about School Life (馨兒就學記), The Story of Buriedor Thrown Stones (埋石棄石記), and The Story of a Poor Vagrant Boy (苦兒流浪記). These books were significant in that they introduced important ideas,such as modernity, children, and education, to late Qing China. Where exactlythese books came from, however, has remained a mystery, even to Bao himself.Through literature review and text analysis, I seek to understand how Sans Famillewas translated into The Story of a Poor Vagrant Boy and aim to write a brief translationhistory for the latter.After following traces through the different versions, I have proven thatBao's The Story of a Poor Vagrant Boy was translated from Yuho Kikuchi's Japanesetranslation entitled A Child without Family (家兒), which was in turntranslated from Hector Malot's Sans Famille. Through comparing the originalFrench novel and its translations, these new findings, findings regarding Bao'stranslation strategies and his role as a translator, have given many in the field ofChinese translation history a reason to revise their image of Bao. The importanceof close reading is confirmed as a result. It is important to connect textualand extra-textual information, such that new evidence can be found throughcomparison, analysis and investigation, allowing us to verify the route of indirecttranslation. This approach may inspire and enrich research in the field of translationhistory.