民国教科书中的公民教育——以《开明国语课本》为例

Civic Education in Textbooks of the Republic of China:Kaiming National Language Textbook As an Example

20世纪初，公民教育从西方引进到中国。当时的知识精英将公民教育思想编撰、渗透进教科书，叶圣陶就是其中的一位，《开明国语课本》是其亲自为小学生量身定做的母语教科书。叶圣陶认为，教育的根本目标在于培养合格公民，《开明国语课本》通过公民形象的塑造，渗透了爱国主义教育、社会公德教育和公共生活教育，展示了亲子之间、师生之间、伙伴之间的平等公民关系，使公民教育既充分体现了20世纪初中国社会农耕文明和传统伦理文化的特征，又具有鲜明的时代特色。《开明国语课本》成为母语教科书进行本土公民教育的典范。

At the beginning of the last century， the citizen education introduced from the west to China . Ye Sheng-tao was one of the intellectual elites at the time of the civic education thought in the Republic of China， to penetrate into the compilation of textbook. Ye Shengtao thought that the ultimate goal of education was to cultivate qualified citizens. Kaiming National Language Textbook was Ye Shengtao personally complied mother tongue textbook for pupils. Kaiming National Language Textbook shaped citizen images， permeated with the patriotism education， the education of social morality and public life education， showed the relationship between parents and children， between teachers and students， between partners as equal citizen. The citizen education， not only embodies the characteristics of social Chinese farming civilization and traditional culture of ethics in the early twentieth Century， but also has distinct features of the times. Kaiming National Language Textbook become the model of mother tongue textbooks for local citizen education.