傳統中國靜坐與氣的內涵探究

An Exploration of Implications in Traditional Chinese Meditation and Qi

本研究主要目有四，一為探討中國傳統靜坐的內涵，二為探討靜坐與氣的關係，三為瞭解靜坐養生真氣的內涵，四為探討靜坐養生「走火入魔」的現象，研究方法包括「文獻回顧」和「歷史研究法」…等法。結果發現，中國傳統靜坐養生應包括吐納、行氣、和導引，其是三而一，一而三，此方是完整中國式的養生靜坐。其次，中國對氣的分類其實是和現代的生理現象相通的，氣由於擁有動力、溫煦、防禦、固攝、氣化等五個作用，故靜坐乃能達到養生的目的。再者，真氣是中國傳統靜坐中產生一種特殊現象，恰如其分的運用意識體驗真氣，乃是靜坐養生的第一要旨。另外，靜坐「走火入魔」現象乃氣的別相之一，由人的精神或意念幻化而成，但只要不認賊作父，賊即無法乘隙而入被其惱亂。最後，研究建議，修習者可依個人特質，尋求相契佛道之理作為靜坐心法，用以收攝心性，此將有助靜坐氣功養生遠離偏差狀況。

The aim of this study is to explore the implications of Qi (氣) in traditional Chinese meditation mainly through the literature review. The main findings of this study include four key points. Firstly， there are three important parts which included in traditional Chinese meditation — breathing exercise， leading Qi and limbs stretching (dao-ying導引)， they should be seen as the trinity of integrate Chinese meditation for health. Secondly， the categories of Qi in Chinese meditation corresponded with modern physical phenomenon. The mainly five function of Qi are activity， warming， defense， containment and transformation， which could improve good health. Thirdly， true Qi is a special phenomenon from traditional Chinese meditation. How to drive Qi properly through consciousness is the key of meditation. A special extra-example of Qi is Qi-kung psychosis， which could be the results from personal weak spirit or fantastic ideas. However， if the meditator could avoid any improper or bad idea， mediation should be safe. And finally， for meditation， the suggestions of this study are any practicer of meditation could seek the suitable ways for themselves， to find the most correspond way from Buddhism， Taoism or any other belief， and to concentrate the mind from time to time， this would be helpful to avoid the bad reaction of meditation.