学习科学：推动教育的深层变革

Learning Sciences: Promoting In-depth Reform of Education

当前教育信息化蓬勃发展，在备受赞赏的同时也屡被质疑。至于原因，恐怕还是“人究竟是怎么学习的，怎样才能促进有效学习？”这一根本性问题依然未得到彻底解决。该文从教育信息化的发展现状谈起，剖析目前存在的问题及解决方法，然后仔细梳理了学习科学的发生、发展和研究现状，指出脑科学与学习、基于大数据的学习分析和技术增强的学习等学习科学研究将有助于推动教育从更深的层面发生变革。

Educational informatization is developing fast and has achieved notable success in the past few years. However， it still faces many criticisms and challenges from researchers， practitioners， and the public. This is likely to be attributed to the unsolved fundamental question “How do people learn， and how to promote effective learning?”This paper begins with a review of the current development of educational informatization， followed by an analysis of the problems and possible solutions. It then introduces the origin， development， and the state-of-the-art research of the field of learning sciences. The paper concludes that learning sciences， especially the themes of neuroscience and learning， big data and learning analytics and technology enhanced learning， will play a critical role in facilitating educational informatization and thereby promoting an in-depth reform of education.