大学教师教学方式变革的影响因素———基于结构方程模型的实证研究

Factors Affecting University Teachers爷Teaching Styles Changing: An Empirical Study Based on SEM

在高等教育领域，随着教育信息化的不断深入，以提升教学质量、促进学生发展为终极目标的大学教学方式变革备受瞩目。学校是变革的首要单元，在学校情境下对影响大学教师教学方式变革的因素进行深入分析，将有助于高校积极回应时代发展对大学教学的新需求，制定针对性政策，推进大学教学改革。本文基于对全国6所本科院校600名大学教师的问卷调查，通过构建结构方程模型，对大学教师教学方式变革的影响因素进行了分析。研究发现，教师的教学方式变革受到内外因素的双重影响，不同的教学认知、教学方式之间有显著相关性，教师的教学方式对其在教学中应用信息技术的方式有显著影响，学校政策、院系氛围都会对教师所能获得的技术支持产生显著影响，但对教师技术应用行为并无直接影响，而是通过对教师的技术支持来实现，教师不同的教学方式对学生的学习投入影响不同。最后，本文就学校如何更好地促进教师的教学方式变革提出了相关建议。

With the deepening of the education informationization in the field of higher education， people pay high attention to the changing of university teachers' teaching styles which aims at enhancing the teaching quality and promoting the students' development. University is the first place of teaching reforms， and analyzing the influencing factors of teachers' teaching style will help universities respond to the new external requirements and make corresponding policies to facilitate the teaching reforms of university education.This research first defines two different teaching styles and two corresponding teaching cognitions. Understanding-promoted teaching cognition or teaching style is teacher-centered and focuses on the content delivery. Intelligence-built teaching cognition or teaching style is student-centered and focuses on students’ knowledge construction. Based on the definition， this research designs a questionnaire and studies the factors that contribute to the changing of university teachers’ teaching styles by constructing the SEMs. The data are collected from a survey of 600 university teachers across six universities from different areas of China. 503 valid questionnaires were collected. In the valid questionnaires， the proportion of male and female teachers are 46. 7% and 53. 3% respectively， the proportion of more than 10 years of teaching and under 10 years of teaching are 52. 1% and 47. 9% respectively. The data were processed by SPSS software and AMOS software.There are several findings: First， teachers’ internal factors and external factors have interaction effect on their teaching styles. Second， there is a strong relationship between teachers’ teaching cognition and teaching style. Teachers are more likely to use multiple teaching styles if they hold a teaching cognition pointing to a higher level teaching goal. Third， different teaching styles affect teachers’ application way of technology to different extents. The teachers with the intelligence built teaching style are more likely to utilize information technology to facilitate students’ self-directed learning. Likewise， the teachers with the understanding-promoted teaching style are more likely to utilize information technology as assisted teaching tools. Furthermore， universities’ policies and department culture both have significant influence on technology support which teachers can get; in this way， they have an indirect effect on teachers’ teaching style. University policies have more effect on technology support than department culture. Fourthly， different teachers’ teaching styles affect students’ learning engagement to different extents. An intelligence-built teaching style has more influence on students’ learning engagement than an understanding-promoted teaching style.Suggestions are proposed about how to facilitate teachers’ teaching styles changing. Firstly， in order to facilitate teaching reflection and teaching innovation， universities should provide platforms for the development of teacher's teaching cognition， such as organizing regular teaching activities， and introducing development trend of university curriculum and teaching. Secondly， it is very necessary for the university to establish teaching development organization. It can facilitate the development of teachers’ cognition and teaching style by providing expert knowledge and skills， and carrying out various teaching promotion activities for teachers. Thirdly， it is very important for the university to set up a special organization to provide well-designed information technology training courses for teachers.