普通高校网络教学阻碍因素分析与解决策略研究

Barrier Factors of Online Teaching in Higher Education

近两年来，随着MOOCs的引入，以及国务院取消和下放远程高等学历教育网校的审批权，不少高校对网络教学的热情日益高涨，把推进网络教学作为学校年度工作的重点，然而网络教学的发展在普通高校却受到了多种因素的制约。因此，如何消除高校网络教学的阻碍因素，有效提升网络教学的质量，成了当前研究亟待解决的问题。本研究采用文献分析法，首先对国内外高校网络教学阻碍因素的重要文献进行了收集、分析;然后对其中提出的网络教学阻碍因素进行梳理，总结出高校网络教学过程中教师、学生、平台、政策制度以及其他方面普遍存在的五类阻碍因素;最后结合研究者自身工作经验，分别从高校网络教学政策制定、教师发展、学生、网络教学资源建设以及研究等方面提出了解决高校网络教学阻碍问题的策略。

In the past two years， there is sharply increased interest in online education in colleges and universities. Many universities have put forward the online teaching as the focus of their annual plan. At the same time， colleges and universities encounter many barriers when they implement online teaching initiatives. How to reduce or eliminate the barrier factors of online teaching become significant.This research uses literature review to investigate the barrier factors of online teaching. First of all， we collect and analyze the literature about barrier factors of online teaching. Secondly， we systematically classify barrier factors of online teaching into five categories， including barrier factors from teachers and students， from the teaching platform， from the policy and the other aspects， etc. Among them， barrier factors from teachers include teachers' concept of attitude， time and energy factors， technical factors and the intellectual property rights， etc; barrier factors from students include the students cognitive factors， learning motivation factors and online learning experience and skills， etc; barrier factors from the teaching platform include its function construction and resource construction， etc; barrier factors from the policy mainly include colleges teachers assessment， incentive mechanisms of online teaching， online teaching training and technical support， etc; in addition， other factors includes teaching facilities， organization culture， academic integrity， and other factors， and also included some new problems which will appear in the process of online teaching.Finally， integrating the literature review and our own work experience， we propose several recommendations and suggestions. Specifically， on the policy aspect， the colleges need to give online teaching an appropriate role， implement the university's ＂ teaching-academic＂ mechanism， explore the online teaching incentives or compensation mechanisms， and build online teaching service systems with collaborative work of the teachers， design experts， technical experts and teaching art experts. On the teacher development aspect， the teachers need to update the teaching concept and design thinking， strengthen the study of information technology and online teaching methods， and explore the mode of college teachers' team of online teaching. In terms of student preparation， the colleges need to advertise online teaching and help students understand online learning through examples. In terms of resource construction， we need to have a better way of using the existing resources， and a better way to promote the sharing online teaching resources. On the research of teaching and research department in colleges and universities， the researchers need to pay attention to more localization research， and continue to promote the development of online teaching.