多源流模型框架下的異地高考政策議程再分析

A Re-Analysis of the Policy Agenda of NCEE for Children of Migrant Workers with Multiple Streams Framework

异地高考政策是政府对进城务工人员随迁子女义务教育后的升学考试问题的应对之策。运用多源流模型分析框架，对异地高考政策的问题源流、政策源流、政治源流、关键性的焦点事件和政策企业家等五个动力要素进行整体性分析发现:教育政策“断层”下的异地高考诉求形成了异地高考问题源流；政协委员和专家学者的意见主张构成异地髙考政策的政策源流；国民的教育公平需求，党和政府的促进教育公平、正义的价值选择形成了异地高考政策的政治源流。“15知名学者上书事件”催化了异地髙考政策之窗的开启，并在政协委员、专家学者和新闻记者等政策企业家的助推下，实现了问题、政策、政治三大源流的交汇，进而达致异地高考政策议程的设置。而这一政策议程也表征出两大中国特点：一是问题源流与政策源流存在先因后果的影响问题；二是政策企业家具有多重角色作用。

The policy allowing children of migrant workers to sit National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) in a place other than their hometown is a countermeasure the government use to address the problems these children face to enrol in post compulsory education. The study used multiple streams model and analysed five driven factors of the policy， including the problem stream， policy stream， political stream， critical incident and policy enterpriser. The results show that： the need for sitting NCEE in a place other than migrant children’s hometown in the context of lacking corresponding education policy resulted in the problem stream; the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and scholars’ advocacy shaped the policy stream; the demand of citizens for education equality， the communist party and the government’s promotion of education equality and justice led to the political stream; and the “15 well-known scholars^ submission of proposals” catalysed the launch of the policy， and the connection of the three big streams-the problem stream， the policy stream and the political stream-was facilitated by the help of the members of CPPC， experts and scholars， the jour-lists and other policy enterprisers， thus the arrangement of the policy agenda was made. There are two Chinese characteristics of the policy agenda： a) the problem stream is the cause of the policy stream; and b) the policy enterprisers played multiple roles.