欧洲性教育标准述评

Standards for Sexuality Education in Europe

随着欧洲各国对性教育重要性认识的提高，加之欧洲各国性教育发展水平不一致，性教育标准多样，无统一的标准，不利于各国相互借鉴以改善性教育。鉴于此，世界卫生组织欧洲区域办事处和联邦健康教育中心于2010年联合制定了欧洲性教育标准。该标准从信息、技能、态度三个方面对6个年龄段的性教育制定具体的内容。该标准首次引入全面性教育（holistic sexuality education），重新定义了性教育年龄段，丰富了性教育的内容，并强调各个年龄段前后衔接。欧洲性教育标准值得借鉴，中国今后在性教育方面应摒弃传统性教育观念、倡导“全面性教育”，注重学校性教育内容的广泛性与实用性，以一种积极、整体的方式讲授关于性健康和预防性侵犯的知识，并注重培养高尚的性道德，树立正确的性价值观。

European countries attach more importance to sexuality education; moreover， sexuality education in different countries is developing differently， with different standards of sexuality education， which hinders all countries to learn from each other to improve sexuality education. In view of this， the WHO Regional Office for Europe and Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA) issued Standards for Sexuality Education in Europe in 2010. The Sexuality Education Matrix stipulates the contents of sexuality education of 6 age brackets from information， skills and attitudes， proposes the concept of holistic sexuality education， redefines the age brackets of sexuality education， enriches the contents of sexuality education and emphasizes the link of each age bracket. We can learn something from this standard. In the future， our country should abandon the traditional idea of sexuality education， advocate holistic sexuality education， pay attention to the universality and practicability of the content of school sexuality education， teach students how to keep sexual health and prevent sexual assault in a positive and holistic way and pay attention to cultivate noble sexual morality and set up correct values.