从批判性思维培养的视角看中美语文教材的差异——PISA测试结果的启示

Critical Thinking Cultivation Perspectives on the Differences betweenChinese and American Textbook Contents：The Enlightment from PISAResult

批判性思维是语文素养的重要能力，而阅读是语文教学的核心。国际能力测试PISA显示，我国学生阅读总体水平世界第一，但与批判性思维相关的部分成绩较低。这种现象引起了学界的广泛重视。我国教材在自然描写、情感道德、历史文化传统、爱国主义、生活知识与技能等方面的比例与美国的教材显著不同；在连续性文本和非连续性文本比例上也与美国差异巨大。阅读内容及其文本形式关乎我国学生阅读能力中批判性思维的培养。建议教材中增加与学生生活、社会现实问题联系密切的以非连续性文本形式呈现的内容。

Critical thinking is an important capability of language literacyand reading is the core of language teaching. PISA2009 shows that Chinesestudents in reading literacy scored the highest of the world， but the sub-score of the critical thinking part was much lower thanthe other two dimensions， which attracted wide attention. Chinese readingtextbooks are significantly different from that of USA in severaltypes including the natural world， emotional and moral affairs， historical andcultural tradition， patriotism and life skills. In addition， there isa huge difference between Chinese and American textbooks about the proportionof non-continuous texts. The cultivation of students' readingability in critical thinking is related to the content and text format. Theauthor suggests to add more non-continuous texts which are closely linked tostudent life and social reality.