英國自主型中等學校教育革新評析

Current Problems and Innovation of Secondary Education in England

2010 年重新執政的保守黨與自由民主黨組成聯合政府，審視英國當前中等教育階段所面臨的問題，推出《教學的重要性白皮書》進行學校教育改革，旨在追求學生學習成就表現水準之外，更將教師素質與師資培育視為未來革新的重點，強調要減少政府對於學校的控制與過度要求，賦予教師更多的專業自主權，且嚴正處理學生的行為問題；除延續新工黨的「公辦民營學校」並賦予更多自主性之外，為回應家長的要求與提升學生的學習環境與學業表現，鼓勵由政府出資，由教師、慈善團體、家長團體等人籌設自主型學校。作者評析英國當前中等教育革新的三個主要爭議之處：績效管理與專業自主的衝突、社會正義與績效競爭之兩難、自主型學校與公辦民營學校差異不大。

In 2010， the Coalition Government formed by the Conservative Party and Liberal Democrats reviewed the current educational problems in England. To tackle these problems， the government puts forth a new policy. A white paper “The importance of teaching” has been published in 2010， of which the main contents are following: (a) to upgrade students’ performances in different aspects; (b) to improve teachers’ qualities and teacher training programmes， by reducing bureaucratic burden， by increasing teachers’ professional autonomy and by preparing to deal with the problems of poor behaved students; (c) in addition to restoring the freedom of all Academies established by the former New Labour Gorernment， to encourage teachers， charities organizations， parents associations or others to establish the new state - funded - Free schools， aim to respond adequately to parental demands and to improve students’ learning environments and academic achievements. Despite positive aspects， the new British policy of education is still controversial according to the authors' critiques: (a) it may not be able to deal with the conflicts between accountability and professional autonomy of teachers; (b) it may face the dilemma of social justice and efficiency competition for students， and (c) the vague demarcation between the Academies and Free Schools.