「保存─資源善用」環境態度量表之編製研究

Preservation and Resource Conservation Worldview: The Development of a Measure

本研究旨在編製一個可以忠實反映保存觀點（preservation）與資源善用觀點（resource conservation）的環境態度量表，並實際探討這兩種觀點是否和填答者支持開發自然環境的態度有關。首先，本研究根據環境倫理學家對於保存觀點以及資源善用觀點的定義撰寫量表題目，並經專家效度評定和訪談目標填答者之後，刪除或修改題目內容，共保留60題。之後對預試樣本299人施測，從中挑選出鑑別度較佳的36題形成正式量表，施測於正式受測樣本302人，以建立本量表的信效度資料。研究結果顯示，本研究編製的「保存—資源善用」環境態度量表具有理想的信效度。此外，愈認同保存觀點的填答者愈反對開發；愈認同資源善用觀點的填答者則愈支持開發。本研究另發展一個題數減半的簡短版本，以提高本量表的實用價值。最後，有關本量表的限制與未來可能的應用方向於文末討論。

This study aims to develop a scale for assessing two sets of environmental worldviews: Resource conservation and preservation， and further investigate their relationship to the support of development projects. At the first stage of scale construction， initial items were derived from environmental ethics theories and reviewed by three experts， and were pretested on five college students to form a preliminary scale of 60 items. Based on data from 299 college students， good items were selected by their itemtotal correlations， factor loadings， and the t values of difference between extreme groups. The 36 items that performed best on the above criteria formed the final scale. To assess the reliability and validity of this scale， we administered it to another group of 302 college students. Results showed that both the reliability and validity were satisfactory. Participants who scored high on preservation objected development projects more. In contrast， participants who scored high on resource conservation supported the projects more. Furthermore， the scale was simplified by reducing the total number of items by half. This new， shorten version also had internal consistency and validity evidence as good as those for the full-length scale. Finally， the limitations and applications of this scale were discussed.