母親與父親的情緒社會化行為及幼兒的情緒調節與同儕互動的關係

Maternal and paternal emotion-related socialization behaviors : Linkages to young children's emotion regulation and peer interactions

本研究的目的在探討父母的情緒社會化行為及幼兒的情緒調節與同儕互動之間的關聯，以及比較父親與母親在此關係中的差異。樣本為來自台南市的57個家庭之幼兒與其雙親，幼兒平均年齡為59.4個月。情緒相關社會化行為的測量，包括父母親填寫情緒表達量表、子女負面情緒因應量表，以及在家庭接受親子情緒討論觀察。幼兒的情緒社會行為測量，包括母親與教師各填寫幼兒情緒調節能力問卷，以及教師評量幼兒在同儕之間的社會互動行為。結果發現父母親越多正向的表達和支持性的反應，與幼兒良好的情緒調節能力有關；越多負向情緒表達或使用非支持性因應策略，則與不佳的調節能力有關。其次，母親接納孩子負向情緒的反應與父親淡化孩子的負向情緒之反應共同有效預測幼兒的情緒調節能力，反映父母親互補的角色。此外，母親的淡化幼兒情緒反應可能先降低幼兒的情緒調節能力，轉而減少幼兒的利社會行為。

The study was aimed to examine the relationship between parental socialization behaviors of emotion and young children's emotion regulation and peer interactions. Differences of maternal and paternal behavior in the associations with children's outcomes were also investigated. Fifty-seven preschoolers (mean age=59.4 months) and both of their parents participated in the study. Parents reported their expressiveness in the family and the reactions to children's negative emotions, and were observed during the parent-child emotion discussion task. Teachers and mothers rated children's emotion regulation. Teachers also reported children's social interaction behavior in peers. The results showed that more positive expressiveness and supportive responses to children's negative emotions were associated with better emotion regulation. The More negative expressiveness and non-supportive responses were associated with lower regulation ability. Moreover, supporting the differential model, maternal emotion-centered responses and paternal minimization of children's negative emotions together predicted children's emotion regulation. Further, mediation effect was found, in which maternal minimization response first decreased children's emotion regulation ability, which in turn lowered children's competence to act prosocially to their peers. The implications of the findings in parent education were discussed.