美国学校零容忍政策：涵义、问题及变化

The Connotation%2C Problems and Changes of Zero Tolerance Policy in American Schools

零容忍政策曾经是美国多数学校应对校园安全问题的纪律处罚政策。零容忍政策的排斥性、严苛性、一刀切、刑事化、威慑性等处罚特点，侵害了受处罚学生的受教育权，不利于青少年的健康成长，违背了惩罚的公平性，导致了过多的未成年人流入监狱，无法实现矫正学生不良行为从而达到校园安全的政策意图。许多美国学校的零容忍政策已经在适用范围、后续补救、灵活性、司法介入、干预模式等方面悄然发生了变化，取得了较好的效果。

Zero tolerance policy was once disciplinary policy for students to deal with campus security problem in most American schools. The exclusion，harsh，one size fits all，criminalization and deterring have infringed upon students' right to receive education，impaired the adolescents' growth，violated the fairness Principle，led to an increasing number of minors into the prison and failed to live up to the policy intention of correcting students' bad behavior and achieving campus security. Zero tolerance policy in many American schools has been quietly changed in the scope of application，subsequent remedy，flexibility，judicial intervention and intervention model. Some good results have been achieved.