追求基于结果的公平：英国教育公平与均衡政策分析

Seeking Outcome-based Equality：An Analysis on the Policies for Equality and Balance of Education in UK

英国在教育公平政策的目标追求上经历了从教育机会公平到教育结果公平的转变。从教育结果公平的视角来说，英国教育存在：贫富社会阶层之间教育结果的不公；男女性别之间教育结果的不公；少数民族学生学业成绩落后等问题。为了解决这些问题，英国政府以政策文本的形式为推动力进行了自上而下的政策改革与调整：颁布国家课程，建立全国统一的评价标准；将学校功能延伸至社区，改造薄弱学校，最大限度地减少家庭出身与背景对学生学业成绩的影响；对贫困家庭的学生和少数民族学生有针对性地支持，努力实现基于结果的教育公平与均衡。

The policies for the equality and balance of education in UK have transferred from the equality and balance of opportunity to outcomes. In the perspective of outcome-based equality，there still exist some problems such as the unbalance on gender，the underachievement of poverty children and minority ethnic pupils. British government and education circle have actively responded to it. Since 1988 the British government has issued the policies to promote reform，which focus on national curriculum，and school choices and specialist schools. The reform aimed at enhancing educational quality and promoting schools to meet the demands of different students.