美国两大性教育模式的效果比较与政策发展

Comprehensive Sexuality Education and Abstinence-Only Sexuality Education in the United States：A Review of Effectiveness Comparison and Policies Development

作为美国两大性教育模式，唯禁欲性教育和全面性教育在理念、内容和效果等方面都有很大差异。唯禁欲性教育对增长青少年性知识、保持禁欲态度有一定的积极作用，但没有充分科学研究证明其对青少年行为有积极影响。相比之下，大量的研究证实，全面性教育可以增加青少年的性知识，改善他们与性相关的态度，并对性行为产生一定的积极影响。基于两大性教育模式的效果比较，政府政策也从支持唯禁欲性教育转向全面支持性教育。

As two main sexua lity education programs in the United States，abstinence-only sexuality education and comprehensive sexuality education are very different in terms of concept，content and effectiveness. Abstinence-only sexuality education plays a positive role in increasing sexual knowledge of adolescents and keeping their abstinence attitude，but its positive impact on adolescents' behaviors has not been thoroughly proved. By contrast，a large number of studies have proven that comprehensive sexuality education can increase the sexual knowledge of adolescents and improve their sex-related attitudes，and produce some positive impacts on their sexual behaviors. Consequently，American government has transferred its policy preference from abstinence-only sexuality education to comprehensive sexuality education.