新手教师和专家型教师评价素养研究———基于教师专业标准的比较

A Study of Assessment Literacy between Novice Teachers and Expert Teachers ———Based on the Comparison of Teacher Professional Standards

教师评价素养是教师专业标准的重要内容之一，许多国家在教师专业标准中，描述了不同发展阶段教师应具备的评价素养。本文总结分析澳大利亚、英国、美国、新西兰等国的教师专业标准，分析了新手教师应具备的五项基本评价素养。与新手相比，专家型教师拥有更加良好的评价知识结构，并能更好地将各种可利用的知识组织起来运用到评价和教学中。制定针对性的表现标准、一体化的教师教育、开展教学研究与课堂实践是促进新手教师提升到专家型教师的重要策略和途径。

Teacher assessment literacy is a fundamental part of teacher professional standards and the teacher professional standards of many countries have described the assessment literacy that teachers should have in different professional stages. This article summarizes teacher professional standards of Australia，England，United States and New Zealand，discovering five basic assessment competences that teacher should have. Compared with the novice teachers，expert teachers have better structure of assessment knowledge. Meanwhile，expert teachers can organize available knowledge better and apply them into the assessment and teaching. Setting targeted performance standards，integrative teacher education and carrying out both teaching research and classroom practice are essential approaches and strategies to promote the development of novice teachers to become expert teachers.