“后MOOC”时期的在线学习新样式

New Trends of Online Learning in the “Post-MOOC Era”

近两年，伴随着大规模在线公开课MOOCs 的快速发展，在线学习出现了一些新样式，如SPOC、MOOL、DOCC、MOOR 等，成为MOOCs 家族谱系中的重要组成部分，有学者因此提出目前已进入“ 后MOOC冶时期。本文首先阐述了什么是“后MOOC”时期，然后分析了比较有代表性的几种在线学习新样式，最后从问题视角、教育假设、教育理念、学习范式等方面对这些新样式进行了对比分析，提出了关于MOOCs 的发展展望。

In June of 2013， professor Keith Devlin from Stanford University， after his second running of MOOC--In-troduction to Mathematical Thinking， published a blog post titled ＂ The MOOC will soon die. Long live the MOOR＂on http: / / mooctalk. org / 2013/ 06/ . This post triggered many new thoughts about MOOCs. In fact， with the rapiddevelopment of the MOOCs， some new terms are constantly emerging， such as SPOC - Small， Private Online Cour-ses; DLMOOC - Deep Learning MOOC; MOOL - Massive Open Online Labs; MobiMOOC -Mobile MOOC; DOCC -Distributed Open Collaborative Course; PMOOC - Personalized MOOC; MOOR - Massive Open Online Research，etc. These terms represent different online teaching models， broaden the application scope of online education， haveformed form new trends in online teaching and learning. That is why some experts announce that we have moved intothe “post-MOOC era冶. Malcom Brown， Director of the EDUCAUSE Learning Initiative since 2009， proposes that theindicators show that we are already in “post-MOOC era冶. Robert Lue from Harvard University said， MOOC repre-sents just the initial form of online education， and now many changes have taken place， we have been in the ＂ postMOOC＂ era.This paper first describes what ＂ post-MOOC era＂ means， then analyzes some typical new online learning trends-SPOC， Meta-MOOC， DLMOOC， MOOL， MobiMOOC， DOCC， PMOOC， and MOOR. It also presents a compara-tive analysis of the a forementioned new trends， in aspects of doubts about MOOC， educational ideology， and learningparadigms. According to their meaning， these trends or modalities can be roughly divided into five categories: Selfdirectedlearning， Blended learning， Blended experimentation， Collaborative learning， and Collaborative research.Each modality represents a typical learning paradigm， indicating different perspectives and education hypothesis. Andthey all vary on two aspects-knowledge delivery and collaborative research.Through the analysis of the new online learning modalities， we find that， (i) these new terms emerged from twosources of energy: one is inspired and derived by MOOC; the second is an attempt to create new learning modalities tomake up for the drawbacks of MOOCs. (ii) Although MOOCs has shaken up the higher education field to a un-prece-dent degree the story has not ended. A number of indicators show that MOOCs have evolved to other forms， such asSPOC， Meta-MOOC， DLMOOC， MOOL， MobiMOOC， DOCC， PMOOC， and MOOR.