我国大学生课堂体验及其影响因素的多层线性模型分析

An HLM Analysis of Chinese University Students' Course Experience and Its Influencing Factors

本研究采用两水平多层线性模型分析全国23 个省、直辖市和自治区中39 所高等学校74687 名本科生的课堂体验及其影响因素。结果显示：我国大学生的课堂体验存在着显著的差异。造成这种差异的主要因素是学校特征以及学生个体特征，包括学校类型、所处区域、氛围以及学生所在年级、学科、学习方式等。其中的变异量主要是来自学生个体的差异。学校特征也能够改变个体特征对课堂体验的影响程度。改善我国大学生课堂体验的对策包括：深化高等学校课程教学改革，合理配置教育资源；重视年级差异，尽快提高学生的大学适应性；依据学科差异，有的放矢地改进课堂教学质量；了解个体差异，加强教学设计的针对性。

The paper conducts an empirical study on the course experience of 74687 students at 39universities in 23 provincial regions with two -level hierarchical linear model. The results show significantdifferences of university students' course experience in China. The influencing factors can be categorized into twotypes， i.e. university characteristics and individual characteristics. University characteristics include type， location，and climate of a university， while individual characteristics include grade， discipline， and approach to learning of astudent. Although individual characteristics prove to be the major factor， university characteristics can alsoinfluence the level of impact that individual characteristics exert on students' course experience. Strategies forimproving Chinese university students' course experience include deepening curriculum and instruction innovationin higher education， appropriately deploying educational resources， enhancing university students' learningadaptability， promoting teaching quality on the basis of disciplinary differences， and focusing on instructionaldesign to accommodate individual characteristics.