问题解决情境下认知工具的设计研究——以数学应用题为例

The Design Research of Cognitive Tools in the Situation of Problem Solving —— with %22 the Word Problem of Mathematics %22 for Example

运用有效认知工具支持学生的问题解决过程逐渐成为当前研究的热点和趋势。针对目前问题解决过程中缺乏有效认知工具支持的现状，文章首先梳理了国内外对认知工具的相关研究，然后以数学应用题为例，总结了影响解题的一般因素，并针对影响因素提出可以辅助教师教学设计和学生学习的认知工具，旨在提高学生的问题解决能力。在此基础上，从问题解决的角度提出了相应认知工具的设计原则和系统模型。

Using effective cognitive tools to support problem solving processes of students has gradually become the hot spot and trend of the current research. Aiming at the lack of effective cognitive tools in the process of problem solving ， this article first combed the related research on the cognitive tools of domestic and overseas .Then take the Word Problem of Mathematics for example， summarized the general influencing factors of the problem solving. And putting forward cognitive tools those can help the teachers’ instructional design and students' learning in the light of the influencing factors， aims to improve the students' ability to solve problems. At last， this article puts forward design principles and model of the corresponding cognitive tools from the angle of problem solving.