大学生结构性就业失衡:专业与行业的实证分析

College Students’ Structural Employment Imbalance：An Empirical Analysis by Profession and Industry

本文从专业、行业两个维度对大学生结构性就业失衡问题进行了分析，利用“行业所占比”、“行业结构偏离度”等指标对就业结构失衡度进行了测量。实证结果表明高校对“灰领”人才和行业紧缺型人才的培养不足、大学生的“铁饭碗”情节、行业结构差异是导致大学生就业结构失衡的主要原因。

This article analyzed college students’ structural employment imbalances by profession and industry， and measured the degree of imbalances in terms of “percentage of the industry，，and uindustry structure deviation degree” The analysis results indicated that college students’ structural employment imbalances were mainly due to insufficient training in higher education institutions of “gray— collar” workers and other workers greatly needed in certain industries，college students，obsession with the “iron rice bowl” (1 e，an occupation that offers good job security，pay，and benefits)，differences in the industry structure，and unbalanced regional developments.